ABSTRACT
With the unprecedented worldwide crisis of Covid-19, people with no choice have to change their lives, behaviours and the nature of their works. They have to adopt technology to continue their work, education, and communication. While more data are being uploaded, shared, processed, managed, and saved over the internet, there would be huge data generated frequently. Therefore, there is a big demand to use extra cloud capacity to access these data from everywhere at any time without restrictions. Also, to ensure use them safely and securely. Technology plays a vital role to overcome some of the challenges caused by Covid-19. For example, adopting cloud computing during pandemic has become double to handle the highest accelerating of process data through the cloud. However, the sudden and heavy use of cloud computing alerts the attack of cyber security. Therefore, this adds a threat to the security for different organisations around the world. Attackers are targeting vulnerable people who work, study, do personal business over the internet. In this research, we mainly analyse two types of data sources that have heavily uploaded to the cloud during Covid-19 time. These include data from educational institutes and business organisations. We propose a protocol with a sequence of steps-based a level of security required. We present three levels of security: high, medium, and low. Once a user or organisation identifies the desired security, the best match level of the security required will be easily selected accordingly. Our protocol is easy, affordable, and can be modified and adjusted. It can be used by a large popularity of people with different background and knowledge. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
ABSTRACT
The importance of influenza viruses in respiratory infections in the Middle East, including Iraq, has been historically overlooked. Nowadays, with the pandemic of corona virus disease 2019, the importance of prevention from other respiratory diseases, such as seasonal influenza, can be a critical step in the health management system. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and seasonal occurrence of influenza viruses in the Iraqi population presented with influenza-like illness (ILI) or severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)within2015-2017. Moreover, this study was conducted to identify the periods with increased influenza transmission for vaccination recommendations in Iraq. In the present study, we presented the cases of infection by influenza A or B viruses. To test influenza virus types A (H1N1 and H3N2) and B, 1,359 throat and nasal swabs were collected from patients with ILI or SARI. Ribonucleic acid was extracted and amplified using a set of primers and probes. The frequency rates of infection were obtained at 1,616 (45%) and 1974 (55%) in females and males, respectively. The mean age of the participants was estimated at 31.71±22.68 with a minimum and maximum ages of 1 month and 96 years, respectively. It was revealed that influenza virus type A was the most predominant with an incidence of 16.2%, followed by type B with 0.33% incidence. It was also found that December was the most prevalent month of being infected by influenza viruses types A and B (30.02% and 0.48%, respectively). Vaccination in September would likely protect the highest number of patients. It was clear that the influenza A virus was predominant over type B. In Iraq, influenza A and B viruses were found in a large percentage of ILI and SARI cases. Additionally, males were reported to be more likely to become infected than females.